Analysis of characteristics of drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region of hepatitis B infected patients / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: This article investigated the clinical characteristics and distribution of drug resistance mutation sites in HBV RT region of hepatitis B infected patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis was made on 1 948 patients with HBV infection, who had been tested for NAs resistance mutation and had a medical history of NAs in the Laboratory Department of the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Basic clinical information and drug resistance related mutation information were recorded. Meanwhile, the serological index data of hepatitis B were collected. Drug resistance gene mutant group and non-mutated group were grouped according to whether the drug resistance genes had a mutation in HBV RT region, and the clinical characteristics and genotype distribution of the two groups were statistically analyzed. The pattern of drug resistance gene mutation, number of mutation sites, drug resistance type and mutation of NAs resistance-related sites were analyzed in 917 patients with drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region. χ2 Inspection was used for counting data. Meanwhile, two independent samples t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for measurement data. Results: Among the 1 948 patients with chronic HBV infection, 917 patients had drug resistance gene mutation in RT region (47.07%). The proportion of patients with acute hepatitis B and CHB in HBV RT resistance gene mutant group was lower than that in the non-mutated group, while the proportion of patients with HBV-related cirrhosis was higher than that in the non-mutated group, these differences were statistically significant. Compared with the non-mutated group in HBV RT region, the age, the positive rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA, and HBV DNA load of these patients were increased in drug resistance gene mutant group, these differences were statistically significant. Genotypes of patients in both groups were dominated by C, followed by B and D. The proportion of patients with genotype C in HBV RT drug resistance gene mutant group was higher than that of non-mutated group, the difference was statistically significant. There were 53 gene mutation patterns in 917 patients with drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region, and the main pattern was rtL180M+rtM204V+rtS202G (9.70%). The mutation sites were dominated by 3 (20.74%). There were 5 types of drug resistance, LAM+Ldt (21.25%) was the most. Among the 18 sites that were clearly associated with LAM, ADV, ETV and Ldt resistance in the HBV RT region, 14 sites were mutated, and the most common mutation sites were rtL180M, rtM204V, rtM204 and rtS202G. what's more, the proportion of patients with NAs drug resistance was LAM>Ldt>ETV>ADV. Conclusion: In order to prevent adverse consequences of this study such as disease recurrence or disease progression caused by HBV drug resistance, HBV infected patients, who have long-term use of NAs antiviral therapy, should monitor the level of HBV DNA and drug resistance genes in HBV RT region in order to optimize the treatment plan in time or guide individualized treatment.

Effect mechanism of blistering moxibustion on visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome in mice based on 5-HT signal pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of blistering moxibustion on the expression levels of 5-hydroxytyptamine (5-HT) and its receptors of the colon tissue in the mice with visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), so as to explore the effect mechanism of blistering moxibustion in treatment of IBS.@*METHODS@#Forty SPF-grade newborn Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an antagonist group and a blistering moxibustion group, 10 mice in each one. Before modeling, the injection with 0.2 mL parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was given on the lateral ventricle in the antagonist group. The endorectal glacial acetic acid stimulation combined with tail clipping was used to prepare the model of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS in the model group, the antagonist group and the blistering moxibustion group. After modeling, in the blistering moxibustion group, the intervention with blistering moxibustion was exerted at "Zhongwan" (CV 12), "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), once herbal irritant plaster at each acupoint, for 2 h each time, once a week, consecutively for 3 weeks. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of abdominal muscles were adopted to evaluate the visceral hypersensitivity. HE staining was applied to observe the morphological changes in colon tissue, and immunohistochemistry was to determine the expression levels of 5-HT and its receptors.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles was increased under 20, 40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in the model group (P<0.05), AWR scores and EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles under 60, 80 mm Hg were all increased in the model group (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles was reduced under 20 mm Hg in the blistering moxibustion group (P<0.05), AWR scores were increased under 40 mm Hg in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05); AWR scores and EMG amplitude of abdominal muscles under 60, 80 mm Hg were all reduced in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, in the model group, the mucosa was slightly disturbed, while, the moderate inflammatory cells were visible in the submucosa. In comparison with the model group, the inherent glands of mucosa were regular in shape and a small number of inflammatory cells were visible in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group. In comparison with the normal group, the average positive staining area percentage (APSAP) of 5-HT and 5-HT3R of the colon tissue was increased, while, APSAP of 5-HT4R was reduced in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, APSAP of 5-HT and 5-HT3R was reduced in both the blistering moxibustion group and the antagonist group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Blistering moxibustion can relieve the visceral hypersensitivity of the mice with visceral hypersensitive IBS and the underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of the gut-brain axis mediated by 5-HT signaling pathway.

Fluctuation of elevated blood pressure among 6-8 years old children in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore differences in the detection rate of elevated blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-8 years old, and to verify the apparent existence of white-coat hypertension (BP) in children.@*Methods@#Based on census data(PROC), and three subsequent BP readings were taken during follow-ups which were carried out from October 2018 to June 2019. A total of 1 785 children were included in the present study. Using updating blood pressure reference for Chinese children aged 3-17 years, compared the BP detection rate at baseline, at the first follow-up, and the average value of the last two BP readings. Fluctuations in the detection rate of elevated BP in children at different time-points were analyzed.@*Results@#The detection rates of the three elevated BP measurements of 6-8-year-old children were 57.65%, 25.88% and 15.46%, respectively, and the detection rate was higher among boys than girls. The detection rate of baseline BP was higher than that of the first follow-up BP measurements and the average of the last two BP measurements(P<0.01). Given the agreement in the diagnosis of high SBP, high DBP, high BP at baseline, and the average of the last two follow-up BP measurements, elevated BP at baseline was the lowest among the three groups and SBP was higher than DBP.@*Conclusion@#Blood Pressure fluctuations might be caused by transient tension that was experienced during the baseline BP measurement and during the first of the three follow-ups. Therefore, the average value of last two BP measurements may better reflect the real BP level in children.

A longitudinal study on sex difference in weight growth and systolic blood pressure change among children and adolescents in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore sex differences between weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes among school-age children and adolescents in Beijing, and to provide a basis for priority intervention to control the rapid growth of body weight and blood pressure.@*Methods@#Anthropometric measurement data of 70 288 children and adolescents from primary and high schools in Shunyi District were collected from 2009 to 2018, and a longitudinal dataset with complete data related to weight and BP after individual data linkage was compiled. The age-specific weight and SBP growth rates were calculated, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to identify sex differences in chronological growth rates.@*Results@#Weight and SBP increased with age in both boys and girls, and the mean weight and SBP were higher in boys than in girls across all age groups. The result of the linear mixed-effects model indicated apparent sex differences in weight and SBP growth rates, with an age and sex interaction term(β=-0.35, -0.40, P<0.01). The age at peak weight velocity (PWA) was 12 years old and the age at peak SBP velocity was 13 years old in boys, which occurred one and three years later than for girls, respectively. In addition, the peak weight and SBP velocity were higher in boys than in girls. The curves of the SBP growth rate adjusted for the PWA, showed that the peak SBP velocity occurred two years before PWA and the second peak SBP velocity occurred at the PWA, which indicated "double peaks" in both boys and girls. The SBP growth rate was always higher in boys than in girls, and the rates declined after PWA.@*Conclusion@#Sex differences in weight and SBP growth rates were persistent and obvious in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing and the change in SBP was highly time synchronized with the increase in weight.

Sex differences in the growth and physical development of Beijing school aged children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aimed to explore sex differences in the growth and physical development of Beijing school-aged children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Data obtained from regular health examinations of 94 122 school-aged children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old were collected from primary and high schools in Shunyi District from 2009 to 2018, and a longitudinal dataset was compiled with complete anthropometric parameters including height, weight, and BMI levels after linkage of individuallevel information. The age-specific growth rate was calculated and a linear mixed-effects model was used to identify sex differences according to chronological or relative age to peak height velocity (PHA).@*Results@#Height, weight, and BMI levels increased with age in both boys and girls. Girls were taller than boys in the 10-11 year-old age group, catch-up growth in height was observed in boys at age 12, whose height surpassed that of girls thereafter. Boys had a higher weight and BMI than girls in all age groups (P<0.01). Sex differences were found in the growth rates of height, weight, and BMI levels(t=-67.56，-47.46，3.22，P<0.01), which was demonstrated by the interaction effect of sex and age in the linear mixed-effects model. The PHA in boys was 12 years old, which was two years later than the PHA in girls. Boys reached peak weight velocity at 12 years old, lagging one year behind girls who reached their peak at 11 years old. The curves of the BMI growth rate with age showed double peaks in boys and the first peak appeared at 10 years, which was one year earlier than girls. The change in weight was highly synchronized in time with the increase in height, after adjusting for the growth rate of weight by PHA. Weight velocity increased with age before the onset of puberty until PHA, and then it declined; boys presented with obvious fat accumulation before the onset of puberty.@*Conclusion@#Sex differences in the growth and physical development of school-aged children and adolescents were persistent and apparent, and the change in weight was highly synchronized in time with the increase in height.

Preliminary animal study of sodium polyacrylate as a new intestinal preparation / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are many kinds of intestinal cleansing drugs in clinical practice at present, but there is no universal and effective intestinal cleansing program. In this study, sodium polyacrylate was used as a candidate drug for intestinal preparation to explore its feasibility, efficacy and safety for intestinal preparation in mice.Methods24 mice fasted for 12 hours were divided, with random number table method, into 4 groups (6 mice in each): blank group, sodium phosphate group, polyethylene glycol group and sodium polyacrylate solution group. Except that the blank group was given isotonic saline (0.6mL/20g) to fill the stomach, the other groups were given sodium phosphate (0.5mL/20g), polyethylene glycol(0.6mL/20g) and sodium polyacrylate solution (0.6mL/20g) to fill the stomach, and the small intestinal propulsion (carbon powder propulsion), the defecation and intestine volume in mice were observed to explore the effect of sodium polyacrylate on the mice colon cleansing.ResultsAfter administration by gavage for 15min, compared with the blank group [(62.72±6.58) %] and the sodium phosphate group [(66.40±9.53) %], the carbon powder propulsion rate of the sodium polyacrylate solution group [(81.17±4.75) %] significantly increased (P<0.05). The number of fecal excretion [(11.5±2.4) granules] in the sodium polyacrylate solution group after 2 hours of gavage was significantly higher than that in the blank group [(4.5±1.0) granules], the sodium phosphate group [(6.2±2.0) granules] and the polyethylene glycol group [(8.5±1.0) granules] (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group [(39.7±11.60) mg] and the sodium phosphate group [(77.2±15.91) mg], the defecation quality of sodium polyacrylate solution [(162.4±16.69) mg] significantly increased within 2h after gavage (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group [(2.25±0.29)g], the sodium phosphate group [(2.72±0.24)g] and the polyethylene glycol group [(2.95±0.19)g], the intestinal mass of the sodium polyacrylate solution group [(3.30±0.16)g] significantly increased (P<0.05).ConclusionOral administration of sodium polyacrylate solution can accelerate intestinal peristalsis in normal mice, promote defecation in mice, and significantly reduce intestinal absorption of water. As a potential intestinal preparation drug, it has the advantages of small dose, high efficiency, safety and reliability.

Determination of Polymerized in Cefotaxime Sodium and Cefotaxime Sodium for Injection by HPSEC / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a high performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) method for the separation and analysis of polymers in cefotaxime sodium and cefotaxime sodium for injection, and determine the structures of the impurities by LCMS. METHODS: HPSEC was performed by using Sepax SRT SEC-150(7.8 mm × 300 mm, 5 μm) column. The mobile phase was 0.1 mol•L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 mol•L-1 phosphate buffer solution. The flow rate was 0.8 mL•min-1, the detection wavelength was set at 235 nm, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The concentration of polymers was quantified by external standard method. The LC-MS/MSn system conditions were as following: the mobile phase was 20 mmol•L-1 amonium acetate, the flow rate was 0.8 mL•min-1, ESI source with positive and negative ion scan was utilized, the scanning range was m/z 200 - 1 600, and the post-column diversion ratio was 1:4. RESULTS: Eight impurity peaks were obtained in total; the resolutions were all greater than 1. 5. The linear range of cefotaxime was 1 - 100 μg•mL-1 (r = 1.000 0). The RSD repeatability was 1.2%(n = 6). The limit of detection was 0.2 μg and the limit of quantitation was 0.4 μg. Three polymers were identified by LC-MS. CONCLUSION: The HPSEC method can be used for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of individual polymer impurities. It is also sensitive for the control of polymers in cefotaxime.

Experimental evaluation of isopentane as submucosal injection agent for endoscopic submucosal dissection / 医学研究生学报

Objective At present,there are a wide range of clinical submucosal injection agents. However,no consensus has been reached on what kind of submucosal injections to use. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,effectiveness and safety of isopentane as a submucosal injection agent and further provide an evidence for clinical application. Methods Fresh in vitro porcine stomach(In vitro time < 6 h)was used to be submucosal injected with isotonic saline(control group)and isopentane(isopentane group)in 37℃ water bath. We evaluated the injection volume and uplift effect of both submucosal injection agents when the uplift height was 1.5 cm;A 2 cm diameter of mucous uplift was made by isotonic saline or isopentane and then dissected by electrical knife. The opera-tion time was evaluated;20 μL of isotonic saline or isopentane was submucosal injected in living rat stomach. The mucosal uplift height was measured. 1 hour after injection,uplift site(2 mm diameter)was completely dissected by sterile scalpel,bleeding volume was measured within 10 minutes,and the pathological examination of the uplift site was carried out. Results The same height of mucous uplift(1.5 cm)can be achieved by less isopentane[(0.14± 0.07)mL]compared with isotonic saline[(13.65± 4.60)mL],the difference is statistically significant(P<0.01). Isopentane had better uplifting persistency in 5,10,15,20,30,45,60 min(P<0.01).The initial mean uplift area in control group was[(18.10±6.22)cm2],and mean uplift area after 60 min was[(24.24±7.19) cm2],the difference is statistically significant(P=0.03). While isopentane group had a relatively stable uplift area,the mean uplift area was comparable between control group and isopentane group at 0 and 60 min[(22.93± 8.16)cm2vs(21.70± 7.86)cm2,P=0.71]. Similarly,average dissection time was shorter in isopentane group[(3.22±0.53)min]compared with control group[(9.60± 1.98)min](P<0.01). The mucosal thickness variation before and after injection was much more significant in isopentane group than that in control group[(1.34±0.30)mm vs(0.28±0.16)mm,P=0.000]. Conclusion Isopentane submucosal injection can main-tain the effective mucosal uplift height,which is in favor of subsequent endoscopic mucosal resection and has no damage to the tissue. Isopentane is expected to be a new submucosal injection agent.

Intranet terminal security management in hospitals / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The desktop terminal management system, imported based on the security of intranet terminal in hospi-tals can effectively solve the security threat and the terminal delay due to undue operation, improve the security and stability of hospital information system, and reduce the work load of its maintenance staff.

Establishment and application of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of Aleutian disease parvovirus, enteritis parvovirus and canine distemper virus in the mink / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective Aleutian disease, mink enteritis and canine distemper are the three major diseases affecting health of mink. This study intends to establish a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneously detecting of these three viruses. Methods According to the conservative sequences reported in GenBank, three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify the DNA templates of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV), mink enteritis parvovirus (MEV), and RNA templates of canine distemper virus (CDV), and optimized the amplifying conditions. Results The specific objective strips of 601 bp ( ADV) , 205 bp ( MEV) and 451 bp ( CDV) were amplified simultaneously. The sensitivity test showed that the lowest nucleic acid detection limits were 2. 67 × 104 copies perμL for ADV, 3. 02 × 104 copies perμL for MEV, and 1. 72 × 105 copies perμL for CDV. The results of test of the clinical samples showed that the multiple PCR and single PCR assay were consistent. Conclusions The established multiplex PCR assay in this study can be used to rapidly detect the clinical samples of ADV, MEV and CDV single or mixed infections.

Analysis of clinical outcomes of simplified treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration by MAST Quadrant / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method and clinical effect of MAST Quadrant for lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2014 to January 2016, 36 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration were treated by MAST Quadrant(target nerve decompression and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or articulationes zygapophysiales fusion by unilateral fixation with MAST Quadrant). Twenty-three cases were degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and 13 cases were isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. According to Meyerding grade of spondylolisthesis, 16 cases were grade I, 17 cases were grade II, and 3 cases were grade III. Visual analogue score (VAS), Oswesty Disability Index (ODI) and JOA score were used to evaluate the clinical outcome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of intraoperative bleeding was 230 to 480 ml with an average of 340 ml and the amount of postoperative blood loss was 15 to 80 ml with an average of 43 ml. Operative time was 176 to 240 min with an average of 193 min; X-ray exposure time was 2 to 6 s with an average of 3.6 s. Two cases were complicated with dural tear without nerve injury during operation. Thirty cases were followed up from 12 to 17 months with an average of 15.2 months. VAS scores for preoperative, 5 days, 3 months after surgery were 7.6±1.7, 1.9±0.4, 0.8±0.4 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05). The ODI scores for preoperative and 3 months after surgery were 35.9±1.2 and 3.7±0.7 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05). JOA scores for preoperative, 5 days, 1 months, 3 months after surgery were 13.2±0.4, 24.4±0.4, 27.4±0.1, 27.9±0.5 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MAST Quadrant can be applied to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration, and the minimally invasive sugical technique is a safe and effective method, with the advantage of simple operation, fast recovery.</p>

Associations of White Blood Cell Count,Alanine Aminotransferase,and Aspartate Aminotransferase in the First Trimester withGestational Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the associations of white blood cell (WBC) count,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the first trimester of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Totally 725 GDM women and 935 women who remained euglycemic throughout pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Pre-pregnancy weight/height were recorded. WBC,ALT,and AST levels were detected between 8 and 12 weeks of pregnancy.At 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy,the glucose and insulin levels were measured. The WBC,ALT,and AST levels were compared between two groups,and the associations of WBC,ALT,and AST levels with the blood glucose and insulin levels were retrospectively analyzed. Meanwhile,the potential associations of those factors with the occurrence of GDM were analzyed. Results WBC count [9.41(8.15,10.84)?10(9)/L vs. 9.04 (7.64,10.37)?10(9)/L,P=1.0?10(-5)] and ALT levels [18.00(12.00,30.00)U/L vs. 16.00 (11.00,26.00)U/L,P=0.004] in the first trimester of pregnancy were significantly increased in GDM subjects than in normal glucose tolerance(NGT)subjects;however,the AST level showed no significant difference between these two groups [41.00 (26.00,43.00)U/L vs. 41.00 (23.00,43.00)U/L,P=0.588]. Logistic regression analysis illustrated that elevated WBC count was an independent risk factor for GDM after adjustment for age,pre-pregnancy body mass index,blood pressure,and family history of diabetes(OR=1.119,P=0.001). The ROC curve revealed that threshold of WBC count was 7.965?10(9)/L(AUC=0.566,P=1?10(-5)),which had a sensitivity of 79.4% and a specificity of 31.3%. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was positively correlated with WBC count(B=0.051,P=0.022,R(2)=0.083);1-hour blood glucose after oral 50 grams of sugar (B=0.044,P=0.001,R(2)=0.044) and fasting plasma true insulin(B=0.214,P=0.032,R(2)=0.066) were positively correlated with WBC count;1-hour true insulin after 100 grams oral glucose to lerance test(OGTT) was positively correlated with AST (B=0.616,P=1.85?10(-5),R(2)=0.052);2-hour true insulin after 100 grams OGTT was positively correlated with ALT (B=0.148,P=0.027)and AST(B=0.936,P=3.71?10(-8),R(2)=0.077);and 3-hour true insulin after 100 grams oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was positively correlated with ALT (B=0.189,P=0.002) and AST (B=0.688,P=7.25?10(-6),R(2)=0.067).Conclusions The WBC count in the first trimester of pregnancy can increase the risk of GDM. Thus,WBC count may be a useful predictors of GDM.

Traditional Chinese medicine inheritance system analysis of professor Ding Yuanqing in treating tic disorder medication based on experience / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, the incidence of tic disorders has increased, and it is not uncommon for the patients to treat the disease. The pathogenesis and pathogenesis of Western medicine are not yet clear, the clinical commonly used western medicine has many adverse reactions, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research is increasingly valued. Based on the software of TCM inheritance assistant system, this paper discusses Ding Yuanqing's experience in treating tic disorder with Professor. Collect yuan Qing Ding professor in treating tic disorder of medical records by association rules Apriori algorithm, complex system entropy clustering without supervision and data mining method, carries on the analysis to the selected 800 prescriptions, to determine the frequency of use of prescription drugs, the association rules between the drug and digging out the 12 core combination and the first six new prescription, medication transferred to the liver and extinguish wind, cooling blood and relieving convulsion, Qingxin soothe the nerves, with the card cut, flexible application, strict compatibility.

Regulatory Effect of Protein Disulfide Isomerase on Platelet GPIbα Ectodomain Shedding / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) on platelet GPIbα ectodomain shedding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The washed platelets were obtained from healthy volunteers. Platelets were incubated with PDI inhibitor bacitracin before stimulation with PMA (Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), dibucaine and collagen. The N-terminal domain of GPIbα in supernatant was detected by Western blot, the GPIbα expression and the intraplatelet ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>neither GC content nor GPIbα expression was changed after the washed platelets from the healthy donors were incubated only with PDI inhibitor. The washed platelets were incubated with PDI inhibitor before stimulation with different stimulin, PMA, dibucaine or collagen, and then GPIbα was cleaved and ROS levels were elevated more than that in the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PDI participates in the induced GPIbα ectodomein shedding, and the effect of PDI in this process maybe depend on the change of ROS level inside platelets. These results might provide a new point of view for the platelet drug development.</p>

Expression profiling of MicroRNAs in hippocampus of rats following traumatic brain injury / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI: 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regulated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.

Expression profiling of microRNAs in hippocampus of rats following traumatic brain injury / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI: 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regulated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.

Protein kinase C activation induces platelet apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

Platelet apoptosis elucidated by either physical or chemical compound or platelet storage occurs wildly, which might play important roles in controlling the numbers and functions of circulated platelets, or in the development of some platelet-related diseases. However, up to now, a little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of platelet apoptosis. Protein kinase C (PKC) is highly expressed in platelets and plays central roles in regulating platelet functions. Although there is evidence indicating that PKC is involved in the regulation of apoptosis of nucleated cells, it is still unclear whether PKC plays a role in platelet apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PKC in platelet apoptosis. The effects of PKC on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and caspase-3 activation of platelets were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot. The results showed that the ΔΨm depolarization in platelets was induced by PKC activator in time-dependent manner, and the caspase-3 activation in platelets was induced by PKC in concentration-dependent manner. However, the platelets incubated with PKC inhibitor did not results in ΔΨm depolarization and PS exposure. It is concluded that the PKC activation induces platelet apoptosis through influencing the mitochondrial functions and activating caspase 3. The finds suggest a novel mechanism for PKC in regulating platelet numbers and functions, which has important pathophysiological implications for thrombosis and hemostasis.

Relationship among symptoms, mucosal injury, and acid exposure in gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Symptoms, endoscopy, and pH monitoring form the basis of diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Their relationship was meaningful for primary care physicians, but still unclear. Our research aimed to compare questionnaire, endoscopy, and pH monitoring and to analyze their correlations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred patients who underwent the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), endoscopy, and esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring from March 2007 to December 2010 in Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled. We analyzed the characteristics of different investigations and their relationships.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Male (OR for mild reflux esophagitis (RE) = 2.433, severe RE = 8.386), body mass index (BMI) (OR for mild RE = 1.222, severe RE = 1.297), and hernia (OR for mild RE = 6.059, severe RE = 17.547), were found to be the risk factors for RE; age (OR = 1.074) was correlated with severe RE. The consistency of questionnaire, endoscopy, and pH monitoring was poor: RDQ did not agree well with pH monitoring (κ = 0.061), nor with endoscopy (κ = 0.044); pH monitoring did not agree well with endoscopy (κ = 0.316). However, the severity of mucosa injury in RE was associated with pathological acid exposure (PAE): reflux episodes of >5 minutes (P = 0.035), the percentage time pH <4 (P = 0.017), and the DeMeester score (P = 0.016) increased significantly in patients with severe RE. Chest pain had poor relationship with RE or PAE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Male, age, BMI, and hernia were probably risk factors for esophagitis. RDQ, endoscopy, and pH monitoring have their own focus and reinforce each other in diagnosis. Of the GERD symptoms, chest pain had negative correlation with RE or PAE.</p>

Effect of selenium, protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein,and their relation with myocardial injury.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:low selenium low protein low vitamin E group(group A),low selenium low protein adequate vitamin E group(group B),adequate selenium adequate protein low vitamin E group(group C),and adequate selenium adequate protein adequate vitamin E group (group D),10 rats in each group.The activity of whole blood glùtathione peroxidase(GSH-Px ) was measured using dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) at the end of sixth month experiment.The levels of mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1(Gpx1),phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 4(Gpx4),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),selenoprotein P(Se-P) and selenoprotein W(Se-W) were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR at the end of sixth month.Histopathological changes of myocardial injury were observed with light microscope.ResultsThe activity of GSH-Px was (44.6 ± 3.1 ),(45.5 ± 1.6),(86.6 ± 2.2),(85.6 ± 1.2)U/L,respectively,in the above four groups at the end of sixth month,and the difference was statistically significant(F =100.7,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the activity of GSH-Px of groups C and D was higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).mRNA expression of myocardial tissue of the four groups was as follows,Gpx1(0.099 ± 0.312,0.054 ± 0.007,0.386 ± 0.067,0.340 ± 0.085),Gpx4(1.005 ± 0.089,0.810 ± 0.229,0.895 ± 0.084,0.922 ± 0.399),and Se-W(0.188 ± 0.080,0.119 ± 0.069,0.574 ± 0.167,0.570 ± 0.383),and the difference was statistically significant(F =112.1,3.76,22.8,all P ＜ 0.05) ; the mRNA levels of Gpx1,Se-W of groups C,D were significantly higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of Gpx4 of group A was higher than that of group C(P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of TrxR(0.130 ± 0.037,0.127 ± 0.038,0.134 ± 0.021,0.120 ± 0.014) and Se-P(0.446 ± 0.155,0.413 ± 0.152,0.385 ± 0.041,0.408 ±0.208 ) was not statistically different among the four groups (F =0.91,1.75,all P ＞ 0.05).Pathological changes of myocardial tissue were mainly as foci of coagulative necrosis.The necrosis detection rate of the four groups was 8/10,4/9,2/10,and 1/10,respectively,and the difference was significant statistically(Fisher exact test,P =0.0067).ConclusionsLong-term selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency will reduce body antioxidant capacity and lead to myocardial injury.The mRNA levels of Gpx1 and Se-W and selenium level are closely related.The mRNA levels of Gpx4,TrxR and Se-P remain relatively stable.

Improvement of cardiac function by recombinant adenovirus Ad-hBNP in rats with chronic heart failure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hBNP on rats with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty CHF rats defined by echocardiography at 12 weeks post abdominal aortic constriction were randomly divided into Ad-hBNP group (2.5 × 10(10) VP/ml NS Ad-hBNP 1 ml/week × 4, n = 14), Ad-Track group (n = 8), placebo group (NS, n = 8), 10 sham-operated rats served as control group. After 4 weeks treatment, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Heart weight (HW) and HW/body weight (BW) ratio were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IVS, LVPW, LVEDD and LVESD were significantly reduced in the Ad-hBNP group [(2.34 ± 0.29) mm, (2.28 ± 0.18) mm, (6.50 ± 0.42) mm, (3.54 ± 0.59) mm] than those in the Ad-Track group [(2.71 ± 0.35) mm, (3.02 ± 0.85) mm, (7.71 ± 0.83) mm, (4.72 ± 0.80) mm] and in the NS group [(2.78 ± 0.23) mm, (2.83 ± 0.53) mm, (7.34 ± 0.97) mm, (4.55 ± 0.77) mm, all P < 0.05]. The LVEF and LVFS of the Ad-hBNP group [(79.27 ± 7.01)%, (43.38 ± 6.73)%] were significantly higher than in the Ad-Track group [(70.85 ± 4.81)%, (35.72 ± 3.68)%] and in the NS group [(69.67 ± 6.90)%, (34.91 ± 5.10)%, all P < 0.01]. HR [(417.48 ± 32.57) beats/min, (446.85 ± 61.49) beats/min, P < 0.05; (440.83 ± 32.18) beats/min, P < 0.05], LVEDP [(-4.24 ± 4.00) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa); (21.99 ± 6.80) mm Hg, P < 0.01; (18.00 ± 12.25) mm Hg, P < 0.01] were significantly decreased and while LVSP [(131.79 ± 15.76) mm Hg; (112.99 ± 32.35) mm Hg, P < 0.05; (117.13 ± 15.26) mm Hg], +dP/dt(max) [(5037.20 ± 430.41) mm Hg/s; (4217.40 ± 1354.15) mm Hg/s, P < 0.05; (4310.50 ± 1293.97) mm Hg/s, P < 0.05] and -dP/dt(max) [(-4382.00 ± 1304.79) mm Hg/s; (-3725.00 ± 791.34) mm Hg/s, P < 0.05; (-3890.00 ± 1043.73) mm Hg/s, P < 0.05]were significantly increased in Ad-hBNP group than in Ad-Track group and NS group (all P < 0.05). HW and HW/BW were also decreased in Ad-hBNP group than in the Ad-Track group and the NS group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exogenous hBNP improved the cardiac function and attenuated remodeling in CHF rats.</p>